Choosing video editors for courses is different from choosing an editor for social clips, films, or casual content. Course creators need reliable lesson assembly, clean audio, captions, repeatable workflows, and enough polish to keep learners engaged across dozens of modules—not just one impressive video.
The research data available for this guide is strongest around tools, training paths, and creator workflows for Adobe Premiere Pro, DaVinci Resolve, CapCut, and related ecosystems such as After Effects, Fairlight, Fusion, YouTube Creator Academy, and structured courses from Coursera, Udemy, Skillshare, LinkedIn Learning, Blackmagic Design, Great Learning, and others. Where the source data does not confirm a feature—especially native screen recording, template libraries, or team review tools—this guide calls that out clearly.
What Course Creators Need From Video Editing Software
The best video editors for courses should help you move from raw lesson footage to organized, export-ready modules without turning every edit into a technical project. Based on the course and platform research, the most relevant editing needs fall into eight practical categories.
Core editing workflow
Great Learning’s free video editing course emphasizes fundamentals that map directly to online course production: organizing footage, assembly cuts, close-ups and cutaways, fine-tuning edits, color grading, sound mastering, storytelling, visual continuity, and exporting final videos.
For course creators, those are not optional extras. They affect whether a learner can follow a lesson without being distracted by awkward pacing, inconsistent audio, or confusing visual jumps.
A good course editor is not just a timeline tool. It should support planning, pacing, clean transitions, audio clarity, and repeatable exports across an entire curriculum.
Features that matter most for course lessons
| Need | Why it matters for online courses | Source-supported examples |
|---|---|---|
| Timeline editing | Lets you cut, trim, sequence, and structure lessons | Great Learning covers cutting, trimming, assembly cuts, and editing fundamentals |
| Audio cleanup and mixing | Voice clarity is critical for teaching | DaVinci Resolve includes Fairlight audio mixing in its post-production stack |
| Captions | Helps accessibility and learner comprehension | Premiere Pro training includes caption tools; CapCut includes auto-captions |
| Color correction/grading | Keeps lessons visually consistent | Great Learning covers color correction/grading; DaVinci Resolve is highlighted for color grading |
| Text-based editing / AI support | Speeds up lesson edits and repurposing | Premiere Pro training covers Adobe Sensei auto-reframe and text-based editing |
| Short-form repurposing | Helps turn lessons into promos or social clips | CapCut is positioned for TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts |
| Structured learning resources | Reduces onboarding time for solo creators and teams | Coursera, Udemy, LinkedIn Learning, Skillshare, Blackmagic Design, and Great Learning provide training paths |
What the source data does not confirm
The available source data is rich on editing workflows and training resources, but thinner on some buying criteria.
- Screen Recording: The sources do not confirm native screen recording features for the named editing tools.
- Template Libraries: The sources do not provide verified details about built-in course templates.
- Team Review Workflows: The sources do not confirm in-app approval, commenting, or version-review systems.
- Software License Pricing: Most pricing in the sources refers to training subscriptions or courses, not full software license costs.
That does not make those needs unimportant. It means buyers should verify them directly with each vendor at the time of writing.
Best Overall Editors for Polished Course Lessons
For polished course lessons, the strongest source-supported options are Adobe Premiere Pro and DaVinci Resolve. Both are repeatedly referenced in video editing education, professional workflows, and structured training paths.
1. Adobe Premiere Pro — Best for creators who want a widely taught professional workflow
Adobe Premiere Pro appears across multiple source references, including Great Learning’s hands-on beginner course and Udemy, LinkedIn Learning, and Adobe training resources.
Great Learning’s course specifically teaches learners to create a video in Premiere Pro through a hands-on approach. It also covers editing techniques such as cutting, trimming, effects, color correction, pacing, and exporting final videos.
Skillscouter’s research also identifies Premiere Pro training as especially useful for content creators, YouTubers, corporate video editors, and professionals building foundational editing skills.
Best fit for:
- Course Creators: Building polished talking-head, slideshow, or lesson-based content.
- YouTubers and Educators: Creating educational content with a familiar professional tool.
- Corporate Training Teams: LinkedIn Learning’s Premiere Pro training is positioned for corporate video editors.
- Creators Needing Captions: LinkedIn Learning’s Premiere Pro course includes caption tools.
- AI-Assisted Editing: Udemy’s Premiere Pro course coverage includes Adobe Sensei auto-reframe and text-based editing.
Source-supported strengths:
- Project-Based Learning: Udemy’s Premiere Pro masterclass teaches through complete projects such as a wedding highlight reel, short documentary sequence, and YouTube vlog.
- Caption Workflows: LinkedIn Learning’s Premiere Pro training includes caption tools.
- Multi-Camera Editing: LinkedIn Learning’s training includes multi-camera editing.
- AI Features: Udemy’s course includes Adobe Sensei auto-reframe and text-based editing.
- Beginner Support: Great Learning and LinkedIn Learning both position Premiere Pro learning paths for beginners or beginner-to-intermediate learners.
Limitations to verify:
- Software Pricing: The provided sources do not include Premiere Pro license pricing.
- Native Screen Recording: The provided sources do not confirm native screen recording.
- Team Review Features: The provided sources do not confirm collaboration or approval tools inside Premiere Pro.
2. DaVinci Resolve — Best for high-quality post-production, color, and audio workflows
DaVinci Resolve is strongly represented in the source data as a professional editing platform. Skillscouter’s research states that DaVinci Resolve has overtaken Final Cut Pro as the professional standard outside Apple-only workflows.
The Coursera DaVinci Resolve Specialization, built in partnership with Blackmagic Design, covers the full professional post-production stack: primary editing, color correction, Fairlight audio mixing, and Fusion visual effects.
That matters for online course creators who want one editor for lesson assembly, visual consistency, audio cleanup, and advanced finishing.
Best fit for:
- Course Creators Producing Premium Lessons: Especially where color and audio quality matter.
- Educators With Long-Form Modules: Resolve’s professional workflow can support more complex lesson structures.
- Creators Who Care About Audio: Fairlight audio mixing is specifically covered in the source data.
- Creators Who Want Official Training: Blackmagic Design offers free official training materials and a certification path.
Source-supported strengths:
- Full Post-Production Stack: Editing, color correction, Fairlight audio, and Fusion visual effects.
- Color Grading: Skillshare’s Resolve course is highlighted for color grading, node-based grading, and LUT workflows.
- Official Free Training: Blackmagic Design publishes free official training materials.
- Certification Path: The official certification exam is listed at approximately $50.
- Professional Workflow: Coursera’s specialization follows real production timelines rather than only feature-by-feature demos.
Limitations to verify:
- Screen Recording: The source data does not confirm native screen capture.
- Beginner Speed: Resolve has structured training, but the source data presents CapCut as the fastest beginner on-ramp.
- Software Pricing Beyond Free Training: The source says Blackmagic Design provides free software and training, but buyers should confirm current edition details directly.
Best overall comparison
| Editor | Best for | Source-supported strengths | Watch-outs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe Premiere Pro | Polished lessons, creator content, corporate training videos | Cutting, trimming, effects, captions, multi-camera editing, Adobe Sensei auto-reframe, text-based editing | Source data does not confirm license pricing, screen recording, or team review features |
| DaVinci Resolve | Professional post-production, color grading, audio mixing | Primary editing, color correction, Fairlight audio, Fusion VFX, free official training, certification path | May require structured learning; source data does not confirm screen recording |
| CapCut | Fast short-form course promos and beginner edits | Auto-captions, background removal, voice enhancement, fast first-edit workflow | Source data says it is not focused on transferable professional software skills |
Best Tools for Screen Recording and Tutorial Videos
Many course creators need screen recording for software demos, walkthroughs, coding lessons, slide explanations, and tutorials. However, the provided source data does not verify native screen recording features for the named editors.
That means the safest source-grounded recommendation is to separate your workflow into two stages:
- Capture the screen with a tool you verify separately.
- Edit the recording in a source-supported editor such as Premiere Pro, DaVinci Resolve, or CapCut.
At the time of writing, the provided research supports these tools as editors for tutorial footage, but not as confirmed native screen recorders.
1. Adobe Premiere Pro — Best for editing structured tutorial lessons
Premiere Pro is a strong fit for editing tutorial footage because the source data confirms training around practical editing workflows: cutting, trimming, effects, captions, multi-camera editing, and text-based editing.
For a screen-recorded lesson, those capabilities can help you:
- Cut Mistakes: Remove pauses, retakes, and navigation errors.
- Improve Pacing: Tighten long explanations into focused teaching segments.
- Add Captions: Use caption tools covered in LinkedIn Learning’s Premiere Pro training.
- Repurpose Lessons: Use auto-reframe and text-based editing workflows covered in Udemy’s Premiere Pro course.
- Export Final Videos: Great Learning includes exporting final videos as a core skill.
2. DaVinci Resolve — Best for tutorial videos needing audio and visual polish
DaVinci Resolve is well suited to tutorial footage when the finished lesson needs professional sound and image consistency.
The source data confirms Resolve’s professional stack includes:
- Primary Editing: For assembling the lesson.
- Color Correction: For improving camera or screen-overlay consistency.
- Fairlight Audio Mixing: For voice clarity and audio balancing.
- Fusion Visual Effects: For more advanced visual work.
For course creators recording long-form training, Fairlight is especially relevant because voice quality can make or break learner comprehension.
3. CapCut — Best for quick tutorial clips and course marketing snippets
CapCut is positioned in the source data as the fastest beginner on-ramp for short-form content. Skillscouter’s research says CapCut’s official tutorials can help a beginner get to a publishable first edit within two hours.
For tutorial-based course creators, CapCut is most relevant when you are producing:
- Short Tips: Quick educational clips.
- Course Promos: TikTok, Instagram Reels, or YouTube Shorts.
- Captioned Highlights: Auto-captions are specifically mentioned.
- Clean Simple Edits: Background removal and voice enhancement are also cited.
CapCut is less ideal if your goal is to build transferable professional editing skills, because the source data explicitly says it is not a course that builds transferable skills to professional software.
Best Beginner-Friendly Editors With Templates
The search intent around video editors for courses often includes “templates” because course creators want repeatable intros, lower-thirds, lesson title cards, and promo formats. The provided source data does not verify specific template libraries for Premiere Pro, DaVinci Resolve, or CapCut.
What the sources do confirm is beginner-friendliness through guided tutorials, structured courses, and project-based learning.
Best beginner-friendly options
| Editor or ecosystem | Beginner-friendly evidence from sources | Best use case |
|---|---|---|
| CapCut | Official tutorials are described as the fastest on-ramp; beginners can reach a publishable first edit within two hours | Short course clips, social lessons, beginner edits |
| Adobe Premiere Pro | Great Learning teaches hands-on Premiere Pro basics; LinkedIn Learning assumes no prior knowledge | Full course lessons and professional creator workflows |
| DaVinci Resolve | Coursera specialization covers beginner to advanced; Blackmagic Design offers free official training | Creators who want professional editing, color, and audio skills |
| YouTube Creator Academy | Listed as free fundamentals for content creators | Learning platform-specific creator basics |
| Great Learning video editing course | Beginner level, 2.25 learning hours, 351.6K+ learners, free course content | Learning editing fundamentals before choosing a paid workflow |
1. CapCut — Best beginner editor for fast results
CapCut’s biggest advantage in the research is speed. Its official tutorials are described as the fastest route to productive video editing, especially for short-form platforms.
Use CapCut if:
- You Are New: You want the least intimidating starting point.
- You Make Short Lessons: Your content is optimized for short-form distribution.
- You Need Captions Fast: Auto-captions are source-confirmed.
- You Repurpose Course Content: Turn long lessons into shorter promotional or educational clips.
2. Adobe Premiere Pro — Best beginner-to-professional path
Premiere Pro has more structured learning options across the source data than any other named editor. Great Learning, Udemy, LinkedIn Learning, and Adobe tutorials all appear in the research.
Use Premiere Pro if:
- You Want Transferable Skills: It is taught across multiple major platforms.
- You Need Course-Grade Editing: Cutting, trimming, effects, captions, and exporting are all supported in the source data.
- You Prefer Guided Learning: Multiple courses support beginner and intermediate learners.
- You Create for YouTube: Udemy’s Premiere Pro training includes a YouTube vlog project.
3. DaVinci Resolve — Best beginner path for creators who want advanced polish later
DaVinci Resolve may be more ambitious for beginners, but the source data supports a structured path from beginner to advanced. Coursera’s specialization is listed as beginner to advanced, and Blackmagic Design provides free official training.
Use DaVinci Resolve if:
- You Care About Color: Resolve is strongly associated with color grading.
- You Need Better Audio: Fairlight audio mixing is part of the professional stack.
- You Want Official Training: Blackmagic Design training is free.
- You May Pursue Certification: The official exam is approximately $50.
Best AI Features for Captions, Cleanup, and Repurposing
AI-assisted editing is one of the clearest themes in the source data. Skillscouter’s research notes that AI-assisted tools such as CapCut, Descript, and Adobe Firefly have reshaped what beginners can accomplish quickly.
The sources provide the most concrete AI feature details for CapCut and Adobe Premiere Pro.
AI feature comparison
| Tool | Source-confirmed AI or assisted features | Best course-creator use |
|---|---|---|
| CapCut | Auto-captions, background removal, voice enhancement | Fast captions, social clips, short course promos |
| Adobe Premiere Pro | Adobe Sensei auto-reframe, text-based editing | Repurposing lessons, editing from transcripts, resizing for platforms |
| Descript | Mentioned as an AI-assisted editing tool | Source does not provide feature details |
| Adobe Firefly | Mentioned as reshaping beginner workflows | Source does not provide feature details |
1. CapCut — Best for auto-captions and quick cleanup
CapCut’s source-supported AI strengths are highly relevant for course creators.
- Auto-Captions: Useful for accessibility and silent viewing.
- Background Removal: Helpful for quick creator-style videos.
- Voice Enhancement: Relevant for improving spoken lessons.
- Short-Form Repurposing: Strong fit for TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts.
CapCut is best when the priority is speed rather than building a full professional post-production workflow.
2. Adobe Premiere Pro — Best for text-based lesson editing and reframing
Premiere Pro’s AI-supported features in the source data include Adobe Sensei auto-reframe and text-based editing.
Those are especially useful for course creators who record long lessons and need to:
- Find Sections Faster: Text-based editing can support transcript-driven workflows.
- Create Social Clips: Auto-reframe helps adapt content for different formats.
- Speed Up Editing: Editing based on text can reduce timeline scrubbing.
- Repurpose Content: Long course lessons can become shorter clips.
3. Descript and Adobe Firefly — Worth watching, but source data is limited
The research mentions Descript and Adobe Firefly as AI-assisted editing tools that have changed beginner workflows. However, the provided source data does not list specific features, pricing, or course-creator use cases for either.
Because of that, they should be treated as tools to evaluate separately rather than ranked directly against CapCut or Premiere Pro in this guide.
If captions, cleanup, and repurposing are central to your workflow, the most source-supported choices in this dataset are CapCut for speed and Premiere Pro for text-based editing and auto-reframe.
Collaboration and Review Features for Course Teams
For course teams—coaches with assistants, instructional designers, editors, and marketing staff—collaboration and review features can matter as much as editing power. Teams often need comments, approvals, shared assets, consistent export settings, and version control.
However, the provided sources do not confirm specific in-app collaboration or review features for Premiere Pro, DaVinci Resolve, CapCut, or the other named tools.
So the practical, source-grounded advice is to evaluate collaboration in two layers:
- Editing Standardization: Can your team learn and apply the same workflow?
- Review Infrastructure: Does the tool, or your surrounding workflow, support comments, approvals, and version management?
Source-supported collaboration proxies
While direct review tools are not documented in the research, the sources do support several team-relevant signals.
| Team need | Source-supported signal | Relevant tools or platforms |
|---|---|---|
| Shared training path | Structured courses from beginner to advanced | Coursera DaVinci Resolve Specialization, LinkedIn Learning Premiere Pro, Great Learning |
| Official documentation | Free official training materials | Blackmagic Design, Adobe tutorials |
| Credentialing | Certificates or certification paths | Coursera Professional Certificate, LinkedIn Learning Certificate, Blackmagic Design certification exam |
| Beginner onboarding | Guided tutorials and quick lessons | CapCut Academy, Skillshare classes, Great Learning |
| Professional workflow alignment | Real production timelines and project-based editing | DaVinci Resolve specialization, Udemy Premiere Pro project courses |
Best choices by team type
Adobe Premiere Pro
Best for teams that want broad training availability across Great Learning, Udemy, LinkedIn Learning, and Adobe tutorials.DaVinci Resolve
Best for teams that want an official training path, professional post-production structure, and a certification option through Blackmagic Design.CapCut
Best for lean teams producing short-form educational clips quickly, especially where auto-captions and voice enhancement matter.YouTube Creator Academy
Best as a free fundamentals resource for creators publishing educational content on YouTube.
What to verify before buying for a team
- Review Tools: Confirm whether comments, approvals, and version history exist in the tool or require another platform.
- Seat Pricing: The source data does not provide team software pricing.
- Asset Sharing: Verify how shared templates, brand assets, and lesson files are managed.
- Export Standards: Make sure the editor supports your course platform’s required file formats and settings.
- Training Fit: Choose an editor with training resources your team will actually complete.
Pricing Comparison for Solo Creators and Small Businesses
Pricing is where the source data requires caution. The research includes many prices for training programs, but very limited software license pricing.
The clearest software-related price note is that Blackmagic Design provides free software + training for DaVinci Resolve in the cited source, with a certification exam listed at approximately $50. CapCut Academy is also listed as free, but that refers to official tutorials; the source data does not provide broader software plan details.
Training and onboarding cost comparison
| Tool or learning path | Cost from source data | What it includes | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Great Learning video editing course | Free | Beginner video editing course, 2.25 learning hours, quizzes, certificate positioning, Premiere Pro basics | New course creators learning fundamentals |
| Coursera DaVinci Resolve Specialization | Coursera subscription or about $49/month | Beginner-to-advanced Resolve curriculum and Professional Certificate | Creators wanting structured Resolve training |
| Udemy Premiere Pro Masterclass | About $15–30 on sale | Premiere Pro project-based training, AI-assisted features | Budget-conscious creators learning Premiere Pro |
| Udemy Social Media Video Editing Masterclass | About $15–25 on sale | CapCut, Premiere Pro, After Effects, motion graphics | Creators repurposing course clips for social |
| Skillshare DaVinci Resolve course | Skillshare subscription about $167/year | Resolve editing and color grading training | Creators already using Skillshare |
| LinkedIn Learning Premiere Pro training | LinkedIn Premium about $40/month | Beginner-to-intermediate Premiere Pro training and profile-displayable certificate | Professionals and small business teams |
| Blackmagic Design official Resolve training | Free training; certification exam about $50 | Official Resolve materials and certification path | Self-taught editors validating Resolve skills |
| CapCut Academy | Free | Official CapCut tutorials | Beginners and short-form creators |
| YouTube Creator Academy | Free | Creator fundamentals | Course creators publishing on YouTube |
Budget recommendations based on source data
- Lowest-Cost Learning Path: Start with Great Learning’s free beginner course or Blackmagic Design’s free Resolve training.
- Lowest-Cost Short-Form Path: Use CapCut Academy, which is listed as free.
- Structured Professional Path: Consider Coursera’s DaVinci Resolve Specialization at about $49/month.
- Budget Premiere Pro Training: Udemy’s Premiere Pro course is listed around $15–30 on sale.
- Team-Friendly Professional Learning: LinkedIn Learning’s Premiere Pro training may fit teams already using LinkedIn Premium at about $40/month.
For software buying decisions, verify current license or subscription pricing directly with the vendor. The source data mainly confirms training and onboarding costs, not full software plan pricing.
How to Choose the Right Editor for Your Course Workflow
The best editor depends less on the “most powerful” tool and more on your course production model. A solo coach making short lessons has different needs than a training company producing multi-module programs with polished audio and visual consistency.
Choose by course format
| Course format | Best source-supported fit | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Talking-head lessons | Adobe Premiere Pro or DaVinci Resolve | Both support professional lesson editing workflows through structured training |
| Screen-recorded tutorials | Premiere Pro or DaVinci Resolve for editing captured footage | Sources support editing, captions, audio, and finishing—not native screen recording |
| Short-form educational clips | CapCut | Auto-captions, background removal, voice enhancement, and fast beginner workflow |
| Premium course modules | DaVinci Resolve | Full stack includes editing, color correction, Fairlight audio, and Fusion VFX |
| YouTube-based education | Premiere Pro, CapCut, plus YouTube Creator Academy | Premiere Pro training includes YouTube-style projects; YouTube Creator Academy covers fundamentals |
| Corporate training videos | Adobe Premiere Pro | LinkedIn Learning positions Premiere Pro training for corporate video editors |
Choose by skill level
Complete Beginner
Start with CapCut if you need quick results, or Great Learning’s free video editing course if you want fundamentals like pacing, storyboarding, cutting, trimming, color correction, and exporting.Beginner Building Professional Skills
Choose Adobe Premiere Pro if you want a widely taught professional workflow with training across Great Learning, Udemy, LinkedIn Learning, and Adobe tutorials.Creator Focused on Audio and Color Quality
Choose DaVinci Resolve if you want editing, color correction, Fairlight audio mixing, and Fusion visual effects in one professional workflow.Social-First Course Marketer
Choose CapCut for auto-captions, background removal, voice enhancement, and short-form publishing workflows.Small Team or Business
Choose the editor your team can standardize around. Based on the sources, Premiere Pro has broad training availability, while Resolve has official free training and a certification path.
A practical decision framework
Use this checklist before committing to one of the major video editors for courses:
- Lesson Type: Are you editing talking-head lessons, screen recordings, social clips, or all three?
- Caption Needs: Do you need auto-captions, caption tools, or transcript-driven editing?
- Audio Quality: Will you need advanced voice cleanup or audio mixing?
- Training Budget: Are you relying on free tutorials, low-cost courses, or structured certificates?
- Team Skill Level: Can everyone on your team learn the same workflow?
- Repurposing Needs: Will you turn lessons into YouTube Shorts, Reels, or TikTok clips?
- Certification Value: Do credentials matter for your business, clients, or hiring?
- Vendor Verification: Have you confirmed current pricing, screen recording, templates, and review features directly?
Bottom Line
For most course creators, the best source-supported shortlist is straightforward: Adobe Premiere Pro for broad professional course editing, DaVinci Resolve for high-quality post-production with color and audio depth, and CapCut for fast beginner-friendly short-form edits with auto-captions and cleanup tools.
If you need polished long-form lessons, start by comparing Premiere Pro and DaVinci Resolve. If your priority is speed, short-form repurposing, or beginner accessibility, CapCut is the clearest fit in the source data.
The biggest caveat: the available research does not verify native screen recording, template libraries, team review tools, or full software license pricing for every editor. Before buying, confirm those details directly with each vendor and match the editor to your real course workflow—not just its feature list.
FAQ
What are the best video editors for courses?
The strongest source-supported options are Adobe Premiere Pro, DaVinci Resolve, and CapCut. Premiere Pro is well supported by beginner and professional training resources, DaVinci Resolve is strong for editing, color correction, Fairlight audio, and Fusion visual effects, and CapCut is best supported for fast short-form editing with auto-captions, background removal, and voice enhancement.
Which editor is best for beginners creating online courses?
CapCut is the fastest beginner on-ramp in the source data, with official tutorials described as helping beginners reach a publishable first edit within two hours. Great Learning’s free beginner video editing course is also useful because it covers fundamentals such as organizing footage, assembly cuts, color grading, sound mastering, storytelling, and exporting final videos.
Is DaVinci Resolve good for course creators?
Yes, especially for creators who want professional-quality lessons. The source data confirms that DaVinci Resolve training covers primary editing, color correction, Fairlight audio mixing, and Fusion visual effects. Blackmagic Design also provides free official training, with a certification exam listed at about $50.
Is Premiere Pro good for online course videos?
Yes. Adobe Premiere Pro is strongly represented in the source data for content creators, YouTubers, and corporate video editors. Training sources cover cutting, trimming, effects, captions, multi-camera editing, Adobe Sensei auto-reframe, text-based editing, and exporting final videos.
Which editor is best for captions and AI features?
For source-confirmed AI caption and cleanup features, CapCut is the clearest option because the research specifically mentions auto-captions, background removal, and voice enhancement. Adobe Premiere Pro is also strong for AI-assisted workflows, with source-confirmed Adobe Sensei auto-reframe and text-based editing.
Do these editors include screen recording?
The provided source data does not confirm native screen recording features for Premiere Pro, DaVinci Resolve, or CapCut. For screen-recorded courses, the safest workflow is to verify a screen capture tool separately, then edit the recorded footage in one of the source-supported video editors for courses.










